What Documents Do I Need to Sell My Car? A Comprehensive Guide

No matter how you choose to sell your car, you're going to need some documents. In fact, collating the correct paperwork is such an important part of the process of selling your car, that we recommend it's the very first thing you do.

Items such as the car's title, maintenance record and a bill of sale are all among the paperwork you'll need to sell your car. In this guide we'll run through what all these items are. Also note that different states have different requirements for necessary paperwork when selling a vehicle. For this reason, we highly recommend checking with your local DMV for specifics.

Title

A car title is a legal document that provides proof of vehicle ownership, and is required in order to transfer ownership. It contains information including the vehicle make and model, its identification number (VIN), and year of manufacture, plus the owner's name and address and any liens associated with the vehicle.

If you are selling a vehicle with a lien the title will likely reside with the finance company or bank. You'll need to pay off the loan before you can take possession of the title. The exception to this is if you live in one of the nine "title-in-hand states," where the registered owner of the vehicle holds the title, even if they haven't fully paid off the vehicle. These states are Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin. In the other 41 states, if you still owe money on the vehicle, the lienholder (or lender) will have the title. For more information, see our guide to selling a car you haven't paid off yet.

Also note that different states have different requirements for a title transfer. For example, some states require title notarization, so if you sign it prematurely, you will have to request and wait for a replacement title you can sign in the presence of a notary. Be sure to consult your local DMV for this information. (If you are selling through a service like Motorvero's, you will be guided through the steps.)

Odometer Reading

The odometer reading provides evidence of how many miles a vehicle has travelled since it was built. In most states, disclosure of the odometer reading is a required part of signing the title. Depending on the state, the odometer reading could be part of the title itself, a separate document, or both.

Maintenance Records

Would you want to buy a car if you couldn't see clear evidence that it'd been properly maintained? Thought not. Same goes for the potential buyer of the car you're selling, so pull together all those maintenance records into a neat file, and use it as proof that the car has been properly cared for. Not only will it help your car to sell faster, but it'll also mean it's worth more compared with an identical car with no maintenance records.

What to Include in Maintenance Records

• Oil change and service history
• Repair receipts and invoices
• Tire rotations and replacements
• Brake service and replacements
• Battery replacements
• Any additional maintenance or upgrades

Emissions Documentation

In some states vehicles are required to pass strict emissions tests prior to being sold–for example, in California, you'll need to give the buyer a valid smog certification when selling your car privately. Contact your local DMV for advice on whether this applies to your sale, and if so ensure your vehicle is tested–and that you have certification–before trying to sell your car.

States Requiring Emissions Documentation

• California
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• District of Columbia
• Georgia
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New York
• North Carolina
• Ohio
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• Wisconsin

Vehicle History Report

Using a car's VIN, a vehicle history report provides a valuable insight into that vehicle's past, including whether it's been in any accidents or insurance claims, how many owners it's had, and the vehicle's title history. Obtaining a history report for the vehicle you're selling will help to reassure prospective buyers that it doesn't have a hidden past. It's also relatively inexpensive to do via companies such as CarFax, AutoCheck and the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS). For more information, read our full guide to vehicle history reports.

What a Vehicle History Report Includes

• Accident and damage history
• Title status (salvage, rebuilt, flood damage, etc.)
• Number of previous owners
• Service and repair history
• Vehicle usage (personal, rental, fleet, etc.)
• Odometer readings
• Lien and repossession history
• Recall information

Warranty Documents

A vehicle with a valid warranty is going to be more attractive to prospective buyers, because it provides some reassurance that any major issues that arise will most likely be dealt with as part of the cover. As a seller it's important to check that the warranty is transferrable to the new owner, and have the paperwork to hand that details what the warranty does and doesn't cover.

Types of Warranties

• Manufacturer's warranty
• Extended warranty
• Certified pre-owned warranty
• Aftermarket warranty

As-Is Document

An As-Is document should be signed by both seller and buyer as recognition that the vehicle is being sold as-is. As a seller it provides reassurance that the buyer can't seek compensation for anything that might go wrong once they've taken ownership of the vehicle. As a buyer, it is important to ensure you're satisfied with the vehicle's condition at the time of purchase, and that any defects or concerns are reflected in the price.

What an As-Is Document Should Include

• Vehicle information (make, model, year, VIN)
• Seller and buyer information
• Statement that the vehicle is being sold "as-is" without warranties
• Acknowledgment that the buyer has inspected the vehicle and accepts its condition
• Date and signatures of both parties

Bill of Sale

A bill of sale is a comprehensive document that covers all agreed terms. Most state DMV websites will provide a bill of sale template, but if yours doesn't, you may be able to get by with a from-scratch template. Key information for a bill of sale includes the date of sale, a description of the vehicle (including its make/model/year and mileage), the sale price for the vehicle, and the full names and addresses of both the buyer and seller.

Essential Elements of a Bill of Sale

• Date of sale
• Vehicle description (make, model, year, VIN, mileage)
• Sale price
• Seller's name and address
• Buyer's name and address
• Signatures of both parties
• Notary public signature and seal (if required by state)

Paperwork Needed When Selling a Car Online to Motorvero

When you're selling a car 100% online with Motorvero, it's still important to gather together the right paperwork at the start of the process. To initiate the process, simply head to the Motorvero Sell My Car tool, enter your vehicle identification number (VIN) or license plate number, provide your zip code, and answer a few questions about the vehicle's mileage and condition. Motorvero will instantly solicit thousands of dealership bids and offer you the best price.

After you've received an offer, your next step is to upload your documents for verification. You'll need to supply a government-issued ID as well as a photo of your odometer.

• If you own the car outright, you'll upload a photo of the vehicle title.
• If you haven't paid off your car, you can upload a photo of your registration in lieu of the title. The system will automatically search for a 10-day payoff letter, a document from your lender stating the remaining amount on your loan plus 10 days' worth of interest. You may need to contact the financial institution for this document if it is not readily available. It's possible that a Power of Attorney form or a Lien Payoff Release may be required as well, depending on the particulars.
• If the sale of your car requires a transfer of ownership—if, for example, it has been willed to you or you are selling it on behalf of someone else—you may need additional documents. These vary by state, and could include a copy of the will, an Affidavit of Heirship, or a Power of Attorney form.

No matter your situation, every 100% online car sale through Motorvero is completed with a Bill of Sale. This will constitute proof that you have transferred ownership of the car and are no longer responsible for it.

What if You Can't Find the Title?

If you own the car outright, you likely have the title in your possession. You would either have received it when you took possession of the car, or it would have been mailed to you when you finished paying off the car. If you own your car but can't find the title, not to worry—you can get a replacement title from your state's DMV. Just make this one of your first steps, as it can sometimes take up to a month. For more information, read our guide to selling a car without a title.

Steps to Obtain a Replacement Title

1. Contact your state's DMV to request a replacement title form.
2. Fill out the form with the required information, such as the vehicle's VIN, your name and address, and the reason for the replacement.
3. Pay the required fee for a replacement title (varies by state).
4. Submit the completed form and payment to your DMV either in person, by mail, or online (if available).
5. Wait for the new title to arrive; processing times vary by state but can take several weeks.

Conclusion

Selling your car can be a straightforward process when you have all the necessary documents in order. By gathering the title, odometer reading, maintenance records, emissions documentation (if required), vehicle history report, warranty documents, as-is document, and bill of sale, you'll be well-prepared to sell your car with confidence.

Remember to check with your state's DMV for specific requirements, as they can vary by location. If you're selling your car online through a service like Motorvero, you'll be guided through the paperwork process and can enjoy a hassle-free transaction.

In the event that you can't find your car's title, don't panic. You can obtain a replacement title from your state's DMV, though it may take some time. Start the process early to avoid delays in selling your car.

By understanding the documents needed to sell your car and taking the time to collect them, you'll be setting yourself up for a successful sale and a smooth transfer of ownership to the new buyer.